Indicators

Feedback mechanisms provide a means for all those affected to comment on and thus indirectly influence programme planning and implementation (see HAP’s ‘participation’ benchmark). They include focus group discussions, surveys, interviews and meetings on ‘lessons learnt’ with a representative sample of all the affected population (see ECB’s Good Enough Guide for tools and Guidance notes 3–4). The findings and the agency’s actions in response to feedback should be systematically shared with the affected population. (Sphere Core Standard 1, Guidance Note 2)

Possible examples:

• % of women/girls and % of men/boys satisfied with the quality and appropriateness of response at the end of the project
• # of text messages received daily and acted upon according to the agreed/established procedures 

People have a right to accurate and updated information about actions taken on their behalf. Information can reduce anxiety and is an essential foundation of community responsibility and ownership. At a minimum, clusters and agencies should provide a description of the cluster's role and responsibilities, agency’s mandate and project(s), the population’s entitlements and rights, and when and where to access assistance (see HAP’s ‘sharing information’ benchmark). (Sphere Core Standard 1, Guidance Note 4)

Possible examples:

• # of ‘Frequently Asked Questions’ documents about the work of the cluster disseminated
• # of talkback radio programmes joined to explain response planning and selection criteria of cluster to affected population 

Participation in design of assessments, programmes, evaluations etc, means that a selected segment(s) of the affected populaiton have a direct influence on decision making.  Measures should be taken to ensure the participation of members of all groups of affected people – young and old, men and women. Special efforts should be made to include people who are not well represented, are marginalised (e.g. by ethnicity or religion) or otherwise ‘invisible’ (e.g. housebound or in an institution). The participation of youth and children should be promoted so far as it is in their own best interest and measures taken to ensure that they are not exposed to abuse or harm. (Sphere Core Standard 1, Guidance Note 3)

Possible examples:

• # of focus group discussions organized with affected girls, women, boys and men that have been used to influence decisions made on design of assessments, programmes, standards, selection criteria, etc.
• % of female and % of male parents actively participating in the conception and implementation of M&E of education in emergencies services. 

Can be measured by several indicatos like Food Consumption Score (FCS) And Household dietary diveristy score (HDDS). Current compared to pre-crisis. Frequency of meals, dietary diversity, increase/ decrease of certain food items.

Measuring the difference in availability of key commodities will indicate if markets are under stress at different periods of time in comparison to the baseline.

Percentage of households that have stocks of staple food to feed their family or have the capacity to access food stocks for a given duration of time.

Share of households that are unable to restart their agricultural activities in the upcoming cropping season. To be able to farm, HHs need access to arable land, seeds, tools and other agricultural inputs. Depending on the type of crisis, one or more of these can become unavailable.

Reporting on the percentage of change to overall herd sizes (households that either lost animals because of the crisis or had to sell or slaughter their animals as an emergency measure).

Number of animal disease outbreaks in a community or in any given geographical area.

Percentage of households that have enough suitable water and fodder available for their animals. In many contexts in may be relevant to collect the data by community.

Assessing the impact of the crisis on food distribution patterns inside the HHs. The change can occur in several ways and have several degrees of severity: i.e. adults restrict consumption for children to eat, women do not eat to give food only to men (as they work) etc.

Change in % share of sources for obtaining food compared to baseline, which could include food purchase, food production, borrowed food, food aid, gifts, barter or wild foods.

Comparison between pre-crisis and actual prices of the main food and non-food commodities in the market.

Can be measured by several indicatos like the reduced Coping Strategy Index, the Household Hunger Scale or similar hunger experience indicator. Also the livelihood component can be included.

the changes occurred to the income derived from any given sources. It is imperative to have pre-crisis information to be able to value it. Example of sources of income can include crop production, wage labour, trading, livestock, fishery, exploitation of natural resources, salary and remittances.

Change in expenditure patterns in % terms, especially on items such as food, health, education, housing, transportation, clothing fuel and water among others..

Recording of the pre- and post-crises ownership of specific assets. Assets are generally classified as productive assets (if linked to a livelihood and income generating activities) and household assets.

A market is here understood as a place where people are able to buy and sell products, including food, agricultural inputs and other consumption goods. Functioning markets are characterised by the existence of competition (between sellers as well as buyers), and availability of information.