Proportion of men, women, boys and girls washing hands with water and soap or substitute after contact with faeces and before contact with food and water

There are two elements to this indicator: 1. handwashing at critical times; 2. use of soap or substitute (which is a proxy for correct handwashing). A positive result should only be reported if both are mentioned by the respondent. Respondents should first be asked if they have soap or a substitute, then asked if they have used it over the previous hours and if so, what for. Surveyors should check answers against the following list of critical times for handwashing, without prompting the respondent there may be other times mentioned (like when washing clothes or dishes): 1) after defecating, 2) after handling children's faeces or wiping/washing a child's bottom, 3) after handling faeces or wiping/washing the bottom of a sick or elderly relative AND 1) before drawing water, 2) before preparing food 3) before feeding children or sick or elderly relative, 4) before eating. Model questions for survey: Do you have soap / ash / sand for handwashing? If YES, have you used it today or yesterday? If YES, what did you use it for? Probe to find out when.